what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?

However, the overthrow of the Mongols by the Ottoman Empire had closed that border as the longstanding religious differences between Christian Europe and Muslim Ottomans allowed the old conflict to disrupt the flow of trade. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Gallery. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. . Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest, Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange, Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions, The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire, An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution, Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War, The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty, The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity, Britains Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences, Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic, The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution, Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, On the Move: The Transportation Revolution, A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson, The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War, Free Soil or Slave? (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on empire-building. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. Those who survived were strongly influenced by Spanish language, religion, art and architecture. They also attempted, sometimes more successfully than others, to conquer the Amerindians and force them to work and pay tribute. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. The local Amerindian population were enslaved by the Spanish, and forced to work. Conquistadores Claim Land and Treasure (1500s) Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro took over lots of land from Native Americans in South America and North America. Spain. He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. As they died, new workers were needed. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. By Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. 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The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. 5 What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? This was especially true under the ecomienda system, whereby the Spanish built plantations for mining and farming and managed by Amerindian labor. How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. Settlements sprang up at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, and in New Mexico in 1609. This compass showed from four to eight directions. All those he petitionedincluding Ferdinand and Isabella at firstrebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbuss estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? Indeed, the Spanish created an empire across two continents, and the world would never be the same. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. D. Africans attended Prince Henry's navigation school Overview. Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. However, these stories are based on the self-aggrandizing efforts of conquistadors to secure royal favor through the writing of probanzas de mritos (proofs of merit). Hernando Corts was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. Want to create or adapt books like this? The Official Site of Philip T. Rivera. He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. Vasco de Gamas exploits successfully established a spice trade between Europe and India. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? succeed. Posted on . Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. This button displays the currently selected search type. Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Radical Reformation Origins & Beliefs | Anabaptists & Antitrinitarians. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Although Europeans continued to trade with the east, especially the seagoing Venetians, the venture was expensive and unsanctioned by the Catholic Church, which forbade Christian trade with Muslim empires. 27 chapters | Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. In 1493, Columbus sent two copies of a probanza de mrito to the Spanish king and queen and their minister of finance, Luis de Santngel. While disease killed populations. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. They also found a sea route to India. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. One of the greatest lasting effects of Spanish incursion into Latin America was the . Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. The Spanish were also the first in the New World. They also looked west, settling in Brazil. They started in the Caribbean with a settlement at Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in 1496 and moved on to other islands. They have no iron, nor steel, nor weapons, nor are they fit for them, because although they are well-made men of commanding stature, they appear extraordinarily timid. (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. Eventually they blocked access altogether. Inland there are numerous mines of metals and innumerable people. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. After Christopher Columbus bumped into the New World in 1492, a string of explorers and conquistadors set about claiming territory for Spain. The Portuguese were very pleased by this achievement, and they soon dominated the East Indies trade. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. Thus the goals of the Spanish conquest were quite different from the Portuguese. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. An error occurred trying to load this video. How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. Menu and widgets He received help from the neighboring cities terrorized by the Aztec empire, who periodically collected people from them to offer sacrifices to their gods in many elaborate rituals, outstripping nearby empires in their zeal. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains. Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. Inspired and backed financially by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorers sailed south, down the coast of Africa, in hopes of finding a route to the Far East. 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This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. The Spaniards were not far behind the Portuguese in their exploration and empire building. By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. All rights reserved. spices, of Asia. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugals explorers changed Europeans understanding of the world in several ways. He also started a school Everywhere they traveled, they brought European diseases, which claimed thousands of native lives as well as the lives of the explorers. C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. Dutch Golden Age History & Timeline | What is the Dutch Golden Age? It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. Location of the Strait of Magellan. One of this periods most famous works is the novel The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes. All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. While the Portuguese built a maritime trading empire in Africa and Asia, the Spanish built a territorial empire in the Americas . While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism. The time was ripe to explore, discover, and expand. The map shows areas of Portuguese and Spanish exploration, the two nations claims under the Treaty of Tordesillas, and a variety of flora, fauna, figures, and structures. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Thereafter, Vasco de Gama rounded the horn and actually reached India in 1498, allowing the Portuguese to succeed in their ultimate aim of establishing a direct connection with the spice trade. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? 201-202. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. No products in the cart. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. They forced the native people to change their religion and follow Christainity. In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. Open Document. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. Back to Table of Contents. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. This island, like all the others, is most extensive. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. positivism constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Spanish . Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. Vasco Nez de Balboa traveled across Panama in 1513 and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. During the Spanish colonial era, ships frequently transported mercury across the Atlantic to the New World to be used in gold mining. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. The Spanish and Portuguese developed a particular type of ship to trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. This was centre of the gold trade. Spanish relationships with the natives tended to vary depending on the person. Europeans gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels. When Corts explored central Mexico, he encountered a region simmering with native conflict. Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. The Portuguese took the lead. A. Africans found a sea route around the world. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. Gold became the biggest source of income for the Portuguese crown. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. explored isthmus of panama. As many of those eventually sank, shipwrecks may represent a local source of mercury contamination in the marine environment. Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. The Portuguese took firm control of trade with the Far East. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel.